Factors associated with anxiety among Division III student-athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of collegiate student-athletes due to canceled sports seasons. This led to an increase in anxiety symptoms among Division III student-athletes. Collegiate female student-athletes have reported increased anxiety during the pandemic, but it is unknown if individualized or team sport athletes have similar anxiety symptoms. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between anxiety symptoms, gender, and sport-type of Division III student-athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. A Qualtrics survey assessed demographic information, concerns and worries surrounding the pandemic, and generalized anxiety symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7). Participants were male and female Division III collegiate student-athletes in New Jersey Athletic Conference (NJAC) during the 2020-2021 fall, winter, and spring sports-seasons. They were categorized as either an individual athlete or a team sport athlete. Chi-square analyses and prevalence ratios were conducted on SPSS version 27. There were significant differences between male and female GAD-7 responses X2= 30.119 (df=3, n=435), p=.000. There were no significant differences between non-gender specific sport-type athletes and anxiety. Female individual sport athletes were three times more likely to report mild-severe anxiety symptoms than female team sport athletes (PR=3.2, 95% CI, 1.66-6.16, p=0.000). In conclusion, female individual sport athletes were at greater risk for reporting anxiety symptoms compared to female team sport athletes, male individual sport athletes, and male team sport athletes. The application of sports is that associated colleges need to provide additional assistance in counseling, telehealth, and social support to collegiate student-athletes to help lessen the mental distress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Queering public health: a critical examination of healthcare access and gender expression among trans, nonbinary, and other gender nonconforming people during COVID-19

Research documenting the impact of COVID-19 on Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (2SLGBTQ+) populations in Canada is limited. Our objectives were to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on the lives of trans, nonbinary, and other gender nonconforming (TGNC) people. Engage COVID-19 is a mixed methods study examining the impact of COVID-19 on gay, bisexual, queer, and other men who have sex with men (GBQM) living in Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal, Canada. Using purposive sampling, we conducted in-depth qualitative interviews (between November 2020-February 2021 and June-October 2021) with 93 participants who discussed the impact of COVID-19 on their lives. Seventeen participants were identiAed as TGNC. TGNC participants reported barriers to trans healthcare during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several participants indicated that some public health interventions during COVID-19 (i.e., lockdowns) eased the pressure to "perform" gender due to fewer in-person interactions. During lockdowns, TGNC participants increasingly cultivated community networks online. Nevertheless, participants reported longing for the social support that was available to them during pre-COVID. Lack of access to community spaces during lockdowns had a negative impact on participants' mental health, despite reduced pressure to perform gender and opportunities for social engagement in online spaces.

Not all that it seems: narrowing of gender gaps in employment during the onset of COVID-19 in Indonesia

This paper studies the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indonesia's labor market by exploiting the exogeneous timing of the pandemic in a seasonal difference-in-differences framework. The analysis uses multiple rounds of Indonesia's National Labor Force Survey from 2016 to 2020 to establish a pre-pandemic employment trend and then attribute any excess difference in employment outcomes from this trend as the estimated effect of the pandemic on individual employment outcomes. The results suggest that the pandemic has had mixed effects on the Indonesian labor market. While the pandemic has narrowed the gender gaps in employment participation through the "added worker effect" among women, it has also lowered the overall employment quality among both gender groups. The findings show that the increase in female employment is primarily driven by women in rural areas without high school education, entering informal work, agricultural employment, or unpaid family work. For men, the pandemic has had adverse impacts on their employment across the board in all sub-populations. Consistent with findings from other studies, steeper employment declines are observed in urban areas, particularly among males. Among those employed, both women and men work fewer hours and earn lower wages.

Sexting motives and sexting behavior among emerging adults in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown

Sexting behavior is a contemporary form of sexual expression where people can send, receive, and exchange sexually suggestive content online. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has greatly exposed emerging adults to sexting behavior. The present study aimed to examine the level of engagement in sexting behavior and the sexting motives (intimacy, enhancement, self-affirmation, coping, peer pressure, partner approval) among emerging adults in Malaysia during the pandemic lockdown period. Men and individuals in a relationship were previously observed to have reported a higher engagement in sexting. Therefore, the present study also investigated the differences in gender and relationship status in sexting behavior. A cross-sectional quantitative study was adopted to recruit 252 emerging adult respondents (Mage = 22.84, SDage = 2.05, females = 53.1%) through a purposive sampling method. The descriptive statistics indicated that nine in 10 emerging adults sexted and that an independent t-test depicted men and individuals in relationships being more likely to engage in sexting behavior. The hierarchical linear regression too showed that sexting motives of intimacy, enhancement, peer pressure, and partner approval contributed to a higher level of sexting behavior. Overall, the results may serve as resourceful input for future revisions and implementation of sexual reproductive health education.

Narratives of Women and Gender Relations in Chinese COVID-19 Frontline Reports in 2020.

This article analyzes the representation of women in Chinese news reports about COVID-19 in order to examine the consequences of the pandemic on gender relations in China. It draws on the linguistic framework of appraisal theory for identifying evaluative language and takes Chinese news reports on the COVID-19 frontline in 2020 as the major data sources. The study finds that while the narrative about women's capacity in combating the virus, resolution in the face of adversity, and sense of responsibility help build a shared feeling of community to reconstruct the disturbed social order, the descriptions about the evaluation and feelings of female characters lead to undesirable outcomes in gender relations in China. Specifically, the newspapers' reports on COVID-19 mainly focus on group interests and accomplishments and overlook women's contributions in containing the pandemic. Meanwhile, the news reports devoted to constructing model female characters that highlight transcendent qualities place considerable pressure on everyday women. Furthermore, journalists tend to infuse their reports with gender bias when depicting women, including aesthetic appreciation of appearance and a focus on emotional reactions and domestic roles, which hinders the professional identity of women. This article sheds light on gender relations in China amid the pandemic, as well as the study of gender equality in media discourse.

The Weight Women Carry: Research on the Visible and Invisible Baggage in Suitcase Trade between China and Africa

Grounded in ethnographic observations, this article offers a commentary on the visible and invisible dynamics of mobility between China and West and Central Africa. It follows the transnational trajectories of African trader women and takes stock of some of the weight that these women shoulder during trips where goods and money are set in motion. The materiality of the transported consumer items shapes traders' experiences of mobility and immobility. Trader women also must carry immaterial baggage relating to what their mobile, racialized female bodies represent to various people they encounter. Specifically, the Chinese state and general public view their bodies as threats to social order and, in the context of Ebola and COVID-19, as threats to public health. Our analysis also attends to the weight that female scholars metaphorically carry while conducting research. We devote space to addressing our presence as White researchers, thus attending to methodological opaqueness alongside issues of hidden geographies in transnational trade and migration. © 2021 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Gender issue: women and LGBTs in the countryside, actions to face COVID-19. (Estudos agrarios criticos e COVID-19: movimentos socioterritoriais e luta pela terra no Brasil.)

This study aimed to identify how rural women and LGBTs, in their diversity, carried out actions to confront COVID-19, having as main foundations popular peasant feminism and gender relations, reinventing their forms of struggle. The methodological procedures are based on militant research, which guides towards a transformative action. Among the main results and reflections, the debates start from the conception of a capitalist, patriarchal, racist, xenophobic and LGBT-phobic society. The actions of struggle and resistance were carried out in solidarity campaigns, denouncements of the denialist and genocidal actions of the Federal Government, the fight for PLs 735/2020 and 823/2021, national and international conferences, defense of the Unified Health System (SUS), tree planting, and reorganizing and reinventing the use of social networks to stay connected.

Being vulnerable in a vulnerable activity: women market gardeners of Kinshasa. (La COVID-19 sur le secteur humanitaire, quels impacts et quelles pistes de solutions?)

Market gardening is an important contributor to food security and to the livelihoods of households in sub-Saharan Africa. Women represent an important share of this activity. Our goal in the present article is to draw attention to an overlooked area of the world that echoes many other situations. What is it like being a woman market gardener in Kinshasa? Using a qualitative methodology, we show that this strongly gendered activity is an important opportunity for women. However, they face a multiplicity of threats, intensified by their gender, regarding access to land, possibilities to organize, gender norms, and rights.

Special Issue: Centering women on post-2010 Chinese TV. (Special Issue: Centering women on post-2010 Chinese TV.)

This introduction to the special issue on the topic of "Centering Women on Post-2010 Chinese TV" presents a brief review of major topics in the scholarship on televisual representations of women in contemporary China. The issue includes five research articles that, collectively, address research gaps in studies of post-2010 Chinese televisual-cultural discourses to do with ethnic minority women, women's media authorship, women's extramarital romance, and national heroines of the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose novel focuses for examining women's plural roles and subjectivities on and off the TV screen. We thus call for complex understandings that move beyond the predominant attention of existing scholarship on conventional depictions of women as (virtuous) wives, (good) mothers, (inspirational) female professionals or heroines, and masculine feminist girls. Instead, this special issue sheds light on the polyvalent and contested positionality of Chinese women as gendered, ethnicized, (trans)nationalized, and romanticized subjects during a (post-)globalization and (post-)pandemic age.

Gendering national sacrifices: the making of new heroines in China's counter-COVID-19 TV series. (Special Issue: Centering women on post-2010 Chinese TV.)

From February 2020 to the end of 2021, China's state-controlled media focused on creating its "victorious" narrative of combating the COVID-19 pandemic. This article focuses on two high-profile and COVID-19-themed TV series that aim to rewrite the collective memories of the Wuhan lockdown as part of state's affective governance strategies. Using a feminist textual analysis, the article examines the gendered nature of state narratives by dissecting the representation of national heroines of the pandemic. It demonstrates the centrality of heterosexual families and gender performances in romanticizing individual sacrifices and mass suffering. Unlike the socialist-era role models, the personal weakness and emotional flaws of China's new heroines are tactically displayed to enhance emotional authenticity and resonate with contemporary audiences. Yet these state narratives reflect only stereotypical depictions of femininity within a hierarchical gender order in post-reform China, where moralized womanhood is imbued with a sacrificial attitude that serves to discipline China's female citizens.

Effect of gender, race, and ethnicity on duration of resuscitative efforts following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Study Objective: The duration of unsuccessful resuscitation attempts in the emergency department (ED) following out-of- hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) may be influenced by many factors. Factors known to be associated with a decreased likelihood of survival may influence providers to consider resuscitative efforts futile sooner, and may include: whether the arrest was witnessed, if bystander CPR was performed, duration of CPR in the pre-hospital setting, and the presence of a shockable rhythm. More subtle, and potentially sub-conscious factors may also influence the duration of unsuccessful resuscitation efforts, as well. We sought to determine if there is an association between patient race, ethnicity, or sex and the duration of unsuccessful resuscitative efforts performed in the emergency department following OHCA.

Annual report 2021: CGIAR research program on policies, institutions, and markets

This report highlights the achievements in 2021 of the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM). PIM had a productive final year centered on synthesizing and packaging findings to consolidate the program's legacy while continuing to respond to demand related to the impacts of COVID-19 and preparing the transition to the new CGIAR portfolio. Among other achievements, PIM findings and engagement contributed to Myanmar's response to COVID-19, South Africa's policies on resilience to climate change, Tunisia's policies for pastoral development, a reform of Nigeria's national agricultural research system, Ghana's fish seed and farm certification system, gender strategies for three agricultural value chains in Honduras, and genome editing guidelines for the agricultural sector in four African countries. PIM research informed policy documents of FAO, IFAD, One CGIAR, the UK Government, the World Bank and the World Food Programme. PIM tools enabled more equitable co-management of 76 protected areas in Peru and informed World Bank social protection projects.

COVID-19 distress in NCAA Division III student-athletes

The aim of this study was to conduct a survey-based assessment of mental health symptoms among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III student-athletes at a university during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to identify the severity of psychological distress during the fall academic semester, including a comparison of distress among gender and sport types, at a school who resumed in-person learning and preserved competition and practice sessions. A longitudinal, repeated measures design was implemented. Results indicated a significant increase in distress as the semester progressed (t(170) = 9.188, p < .001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in distress between genders at both time points (p < .001, p = .001, respectively), but only between sport types at the first data collection (p = .001). A univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined a significant effect of time (p < .001), gender (p < .001), and sport (p = .008) on COVID distress as well as the interaction of gender and sport to significantly influence symptoms (p = .032). The results of this study suggest COVID-19 induced psychological distress is not stagnant and women student-athletes may be more susceptible. Colleges should consider screening student-athlete mental health to understand fluctuating, acute distress as well as symptoms that endure.

"Ocean Optimism" and Resilience: Learning From Women's Responses to Disruptions Caused by COVID-19 to Small-Scale Fisheries in the Gulf of Guinea

This study examines the response of women to disruptions caused by COVID-19 in small-scale fisheries (SSF) in the Gulf of Guinea (GOG). It interrogates the concept of resilience and its potential for mitigating women's vulnerability in times of adversity. We define resilience as the ability to thrive amidst shocks, stresses, and unforeseen disruptions. Drawing on a focus group discussion, in-depth interviews with key informants from Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana and Nigeria, and a literature review, we highlight how COVID-19 disruptions on seafood demand, distribution, labour and production acutely affected women and heightened their pre-existing vulnerabilities. Women responded by deploying both negative and positive coping strategies. We argue that the concept of resilience often romanticises women navigating adversity as having 'supernatural' abilities to endure disruptions and takes attention away from the sources of their adversity and from the governments' concomitant failures to address them. Our analysis shows reasons for "ocean optimism" while also cautioning against simplistic resilience assessments when discussing the hidden dangers of select coping strategies, including the adoption of digital solutions and livelihood diversification, which are often constructed along highly gendered lines with unevenly distributed benefits.

The present and future of rural youth in the SICA region in the COVID-19 scenario: analysis of gender, opinions, values, expectations, experiences and life projects

This study was carried out, between March and May 2021, in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, to: (a) collect information and analyse the opinions, values, experiences and behaviours of rural youth in these three countries of the SICA region in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact at different levels: education, work, health, violence, gender relations, citizen/political participation and associativism, environment, climate change and natural disasters;(b) investigate, in particular, how this pandemic influences the expectations and future projects of young people at a personal, educational and work level;and (c) analyse the information gathered from a gender and intersectional analysis that allows identifying and systematizing the differences and inequalities between the genders in all the selected aspects. The study also inquired about the opinions and explanations of rural youth about different aspects of the COVID 19 pandemic, among others, ideas about its "origin", the consequences at the social and environmental levels, and prioritized means of obtaining information, with the purpose of highlighting the frameworks of meaning that are built on this stage.

Revision and update of markets for the poor (M4) and Agribusiness Master Class (AMC)

This project set out to review and update the "Making Value Chains Work Better for the Poor" Toolbook (M4P Toolbook) and the ACIAR Agribusiness Master Class (AMC) capacity development program. These revisions had a particular focus on mainstreaming and integrating contemporary thinking and approaches about value chain research, as well as gender equity, social inclusion, and women's economic empowerment. The SRA also sought to explore more sustainable delivery models that integrate rapidly evolving remote and online learning approaches and technologies. An important rationale for this project was the need to progress capacity development programs such as the AMC, that are more cost-efficient, more flexible, and more accessible to a wider range of remotely located participants. The project aim therefore was to develop innovative agribusiness research learning resources and delivery models for the Asia Pacific that specifically mainstreams contemporary gender equity, social inclusion and women's economic empowerment principles and approaches. The project had three main objectives: 1. Review and update the M4P Value Chain Toolbook and case studies: 2. Review and improve the content, format, and delivery of the Agribusiness Master Classes;and 3. Develop a community of practice and explore business models for delivery of M4P Value Chain Toolbook and Agribusiness Master Class program throughout the Asia-Pacific The project contributes towards a wider goal of building capacity in agribusiness researchfor-development methods of young researchers, development specialists and innovative agribusiness operators. A fully revised print-ready 4th edition of the "Making Value Chains Work Better for the Poor" (M4P Toolbook) has been completed. It will be published in English1 and Vietnamese2 . The Toolbook provides value chain practitioners with updated practical tools for value chain analysis, with a stronger focus on poverty, gender, and social inclusion. This updated Toolbook provides robust analytical tools to identify value chain interventions that are inclusive and beneficial to the poor, to both women and men, or to other disadvantaged groups. The Toolbook will provide a valuable reference to research and development professionals for many years and is an added resource for the AMC program. As part of this project the AMC program and materials have been revised, updated, and reformatted. Numerous case-studies and activities have been included. Delivery Notes have been provided for all presentations. These materials have been adapted and suitable for both face-to-face and online delivery. The COVID -19 pandemic has prompted a surge in improvements and adoption of video conferencing, online collaboration, and webinar software apps to support remote engagement and learning. This provides a huge opportunity for ACIAR, University partners and remote collaborators to deliver new high quality, online and blended agribusiness learning, and capability development programs for developing country participants. Platforms such as Microsoft Teams and Zoom also provide the opportunity to efficiently engage external facilitators and mentors, as well as world class researchers and agribusiness specialists in a learning program. However, remote, and online collaboration and learning, cannot always replace the richness of face-to-face interaction and relationship building, along with the considerable benefit of peer-to-peer learning. Which is why experiential components such as the Mini-Project, agribusiness, field, and market visits, and visiting speaker contributions remain very important for adult learning.

Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 in the area of sexual and reproductive health

Introduction:COVID-19 due to its global dimension and the strong changes it has generated in the dynamics of life has become a phenomenon with repercussions in all social contexts and in individual or collective psychology, to which sexual and reproductive health does not escape.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic and gender-based violence on uptake of HIV services in Touboro District Hospital, Cameroon

As we move towards HIV epidemic control in Cameroon, we strive to limit the number of new infections by maintaining on-treatment PWHIV. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic may cause interruptions in HIV treatment and slow progression. COVID-19 control measures have caused;the lockdown of businesses, some health services, and imposed work from home, with intimate partners and more people spending longer hours together at home. As a consequence, there is an increased risk of gender-based violence (GBV). GBV can affect adherence to treatment in PWHIV and prevent them from accessing health services. The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of Covid-19 and GBV on the uptake of HIV services by assessing interruptions in treatment. Using a structured questionnaire, demographic data, Information on COVID-19 and intimate partner violence were obtained from 339 participants between 15 and 60 years old, taking HIV treatment at the Touboro district hospital. We used the Antiretroviral treatment register of the health facility to extract data on the frequency and duration of interruption in treatment. The Prevalence of intimate partner violence was high in our study participants, although interruption in treatment was only significant in respondents who reported verbal abuse. A strong association was observed between Covid 19 and interruption in treatment. There was equally an association between Covid-19 and an increase in intimate IPV. Other Socio-demographic variables found to affect interruption in treatment were level of Education of the partner, Age difference with intimate partner greater than 10 years, and early years on antiretroviral therapy. According to the study, Both Gender-based violence (IPV) and Covid-19 affect interruption in antiretroviral treatment.

Women's land ownership: role in achieving economic welfare during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study aims to describe the role of women landowners, analyze their involvement in land management assistance from the Land Redistribution Program, and their contribution to achieving household welfare during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method uses a qualitative approach. The research was conducted in Jarangan Village, Pasuruan Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Data were collected through structured interviews, in-depth interviews, participatory observation, checklists, and documentation. The technique of determining informants is using snowball sampling and Key Informants are determined by purposive sampling. Data analysis used Harvard Model gender analysis, qualitative analysis of Nvivo 12 QSR software, and contribution analysis. The results of the study show that there are three roles of women's landowner in land redistribution management, namely productive, reproductive, and social. The results of the QSR Nvivo 12 Word Frequency Query, the word 'Pond' is the word with the most frequency that appears, namely 12.50% of all research data sources on the involvement of men farmers in the program. Meanwhile, for women farmers, the word 'Processing' is the word with the highest frequency, which is 3.25%. The men farmer contributed Rp. 34,436,441,/year or 62%. Meanwhile, women farmers contributed to the household economic welfare of Rp. 21,522,775,-/year or 38%. However, women farmers can allocate their time to continue to carry out their reproductive roles in the household.

Gender dimensions of COVID-19 economic impact in Chad: insights from a CGE model and household phone survey

This paper uses computable general equilibrium model-based simulations to assess the gender dimensions of the impact of COVID-19 on economic outcomes, that is, labor force participation, employment, wages, and earnings. It leverages the 2020 High-Frequency Phone Survey in Chad to assess the impact of COVID-19 on female-headed households, which comprise 23 percent of the country's households. The findings show that the COVID-19 pandemic will have a disproportionately higher negative impact on women in urban areas. The simulation results suggest that more women than men working in paid jobs might lose their jobs. Although the paper focuses on the impact of COVID-19 in 2020, the findings can be generalized as the hysteresis effects might be deeper and more prolonged if the pandemic is more prolonged. The situation is potentially dire, especially in service sectors, where most women are employed in urban areas. Moreover, the High-Frequency Phone Survey shows that COVID-19 has notably impacted the households' income from enterprises and suggests that this negative impact is more prevalent for female-headed households. Although male- and female-headed households are using common coping strategies during the pandemic, female-headed households in rural and urban areas have been more reliant on aid from family and friends and less reliant on savings, credit, or the sale of assets.